Ionospheric modes of propagation are nearly unknown in the bands above 902 MHz.
Auroral scatter may be just within amateur capabilities at 902 MHz, but signal levels will be well below those at 432 MHz.
Doppler shift and distortion will be considerable, and the signal bandwidth may be quite wide. No other ionospheric propagation modes are likely, although highpowered research radars have received echoes from auroras and meteors as high as 3 GHz.
Almost all extended-distance work in the UHF and microwave bands is accomplished with the aid of tropospheric enhancement. The frequencies above 902 MHz are very sensitive to changes in the weather.
Tropospheric ducting occurs more frequently than in the VHF bands and the potential range is similar. At 1296 MHz, 2000-km (1200-mi) continental paths and 4000-km (2500-mi) paths between California and Hawaii have been spanned many times. Contacts of 1000 km (620 mi) have been made on all bands through 10 GHz in the US and over 1600 km (1000 mi) across the Mediterranean Sea.
Well-equipped 903- and 1296-MHz stations can work reliably up to 300 km (190 mi), but normal working ranges generally shorten with increasing frequency.
Other tropospheric effects become evident in the GHz bands. Evaporation inversions, which form over very warm bodies of water, are usable at 3.3 GHz and higher. It is also possible to complete paths by scattering from rain, snow and hail in the lower GHz bands.
Above 10 GHz, attenuation caused by atmospheric water vapor and oxygen become the most significant limiting factors in long-distance communication.
No comments:
Post a Comment